距離考研還有一個月的時間,此時此刻一定有很多同學認為自己已經到了能力的極限,認為自己的英語成績已經無法改變了。可是對于喜歡并且一次又一次創造神話的我而言,我認為這種想法是根本錯誤的,你也可以創造一個月的神話。只是神話需要方法,神話需要你在這個月里付出神話應有的代價。
建議大家在考試的時候解題的順序如下:完型——寫作——翻譯——閱讀——七選五。因為歷年的試卷答案分布是有規律的,例如,完型填空共有20個題目,每個題目又有4個選項,所以用20÷4=5。如果我們假設一個變數為X,并且設X的范圍是A、B、C和D,那么我們就可以推斷5-1≤X≤5+1,則X∈[4,6]。即20個題目中選A、B、C和D的題目數量都控制在4到6之間(閱讀理解也遵循這個規律)。那么所有的題目如果都選擇同一個答案的話就有可能得到5個題目是正確的,那么你就可以得到3分。寫作中的小作文,只要你把本書指定的相關文章記憶,得到6分不是很難,主要是看格式;而大作文一般得到10分一半也是很容易的事情。翻譯,只要使用本人的“剝洋蔥式結構分析法”得到5分很容易。閱讀的“秘密”其實并不是同學們想象的那么可怕,同學們可以參照沖刺班的相關材料相信得到一個及格的分數應該是可以的。而至于7選5新題型,因為以前沒有原始數據供我們分析,所以我建議我們放棄,能拿多少算多少,完全看運氣。此時我們就已經可以拿到48分了,應該說這個只是一個保底的成績,另外2分的增長點在哪里?完型是最主要的2分的增長點,方法是只將自己認為肯定正確的進行選擇,因為我們不可能一個都不會的,即使最差的學生做對3、5個還是很正常的,而將所有不確定的題目都選擇同一個選項,這樣就有了另外的2分。
但是以上的所有的分數的前提條件是本人一再強調的:“剝洋蔥式結構分析法”+歷年真題閱讀理解中的不認識的生詞+新增200詞匯。缺少這些條件一切都不可能。
重點復習是閱讀理解、翻譯和寫作
重點是閱讀、翻譯和寫作,必須要確保直至考試前每天看英語三到四個小時,“根本不必要天天看,天天看就是賣藥”這種說法是根本性的誤導。
閱讀而言,大家一定要把我上課講解的解題思路和理念爛熟于胸。最好的辦法是利用7天左右的時間專項復習考研閱讀的各種解題思路和邏輯。而“考試大綱參考”上的例題是最好的練習材料。翻譯建議大家不要做太多的練習,而是應該把“考試大綱參考”上的翻譯題做爛做透徹。寫作小作文一定要背,大作文必須掌握本書的建議句型和建議背誦的文章。
考研其實就是一個體現木桶效應的考試,決定你最后能不能考上研究生不是由最長的木板決定的,而是由最短的木板決定的,因此考慮一個問題英語是不是最弱項,因為木桶裝水容量由最短的木板決定的,而英語如果是你的長項的話,在最后考試階段,能對于其他的一些科目比如政治、數學或者專業課的復習更加專注一點。
英語復習的捷徑——利用好歷年真題
英語復習中大家很容易忽略的一個捷徑就是通過歷年真題背單詞提高閱讀質量。如果你在做歷年真題的過程中把遇到的大綱上有的單詞就在大綱上劃下來,劃到最后你會發現,僅僅所有的閱讀就包括了大綱上所有的單詞。把這些文章就象學習課文一樣的認真分析以后多多閱讀,熟讀,好的甚至能夠達到背誦,大綱上的單詞也就基本上全部解決了。并且同時通過分析題目還能掌握出題思路,找出作題技巧。一舉多得,何樂不為呢?然后等你研究完完型填空、英譯漢、還有原來的單詞填空。這些單詞就基本上沒有什么問題了。只需要每周作幾篇閱讀理解練練手,找找感覺就可以了。當然這些單詞要不時的回頭熟悉,不能背過了就把它仍在一邊不管了,一直保持到考試。
據統計,在考研英語四十篇中所有大綱的難詞和難的意思都包含進去了。也就是說這些單詞真正的掌握應該是在精讀真題的過程中,四十余篇真題需要篇篇精讀。 其中超綱詞不足3%,常考詞,會反復出現。這是最有效、直接而且保險的考研單詞學習方法。由于復習時間有限,這一點就變得很重要了。
關于考研英語閱讀的一些經驗:
真題就是一切 !!!!
我的一個朋友分析得很有道理。那么多命題組專家一年只專心出一套真題。題目出得不可謂不精,處處陷阱,題題要命。而輔導書的老師們一個人呼啦啦一下子出了那么多套題,其命題質量不可能與真題相比,甚至會把你的思路帶偏。
其實,考研的真題足夠你復習之用,不必再花大量金錢和時間讓其他閱讀輔導教材貽誤時間甚至誤導你。 在真題閱讀里學單詞,在真題里提高閱讀能力,在真題里悟出解題要領。 上次提到,新東方的閱讀老師周雷說,真題四十篇里涵蓋了所有大綱難詞的常考用法。所以真題首先是深化詞匯學習的藍本。
其次考研文章的選材特點都有承繼性,句子的復雜程度、文章的難度和常考的領域都有重復性,選用其他的閱讀材料未必與考研貼近。 所以精讀真題,深入分析每一篇文章的難句結構、段落結構,熟悉常考領域的詞匯和引伸的意思是你提高考研閱讀水平的捷徑。 因為考研閱讀是閱讀水平達到一定水準之后才可談及的技巧。所以精讀真題是提高你考研英語成績所必須下的扎實功夫。一切空談的技巧都不完全靈驗,比如《閱讀手記》中老王的那些總結也只有你的閱讀功夫過硬時才會悟得到他的所指, 如果你照搬原話生吞活剝,大概是不靈的。
當時我在復習的時候每天只做一至兩篇閱讀很慢很慢,但很扎實,力求捉住作者和出題者字里行間的所有秘密。一段時間之后我覺得很有效果。
另外,真題不應只重文章輕解題。 在你讀通文章后, 還有一件事情要做,就是仔細分析題目和答案。考研的題目陷阱很多要慢慢領悟。
關于真題的題目:
考研英語的題目出得很細,但此細不在細節上。你必須對作者的態度把握好,你必須洞悉作者觀點的變化之處,這些講起來就比較細了。我先說說總體的體會吧。
首先,這些題目都是中國命題專家根據中國學生的習慣思維和做題習慣出的, 因此很多題目都非常容易做錯,而且如果你總是按著自己的思路想的話,還會越想越覺得題目出得離譜。等隔一段時間再做一遍,你會發現,上次做對的還是對的,上次做錯的還是錯的。這是去年和我一塊復習的幾個學友無一例外的經歷。如此不知悔改地一直練到考試,你的做題水平也不會有令人驚喜的進步,或者說不能穩穩地拿到閱讀高分。
關鍵的問題就是:出題人不是你,是那些整天琢磨著怎么整倒你的專家們。 而且他們的這些陰謀不是你能左右和改變的。 所以你只有一條路了:改變自己,忘記自己的思路把自己的思路拼命往專家的思路上靠,靠得越近就越容易做對題。這個靠的過程,你可以從手頭上的閱讀參考書上,從網課上得到一些啟發,但他們只是啟發你而已,消化還得是在做真題的過程中不斷地總結和體會。
總之,在這里我強調的就是千萬不要忽略了歷年真題的作用,把他利用好,能給你帶來事半功倍的效果,省心、省時、省錢,而且還高效率。大家都重視起來吧。
一、完形填空得分要領
該部分要求考生所選答案使補足后的文章意思通順、前后連貫(注意:連詞、邏輯關系詞)、結構完整。其
測試重點包括:語法結構、固定搭配、近義詞匯辨別、邏輯關系、上下文推理、語篇連接蹬,其中有12—15道題考查詞匯,5—8道題考查語法和篇章結構。
1、 語法結構知識:這部分在英語知識運用中占40%
⑴虛擬語氣:
① If I were you, I would pursue the research and carry on the experiment until I get a result.
② 短語“would rather”(或had rather)是虛擬語氣的一種形式,后面接省去“that”的從句,從句中動
詞要用虛擬語氣,其形式為動詞過去式。
例如:I’d rather you went by train, because I can’t bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad
weather.
③ 與“would rather”類似的句型還有
A、 had hoped(后面從句的謂語形式為would+動詞)
B、 It is high(about) time that (后面從句中謂語要用過去式)
④ Wish(后面的從句謂語用were或用行為動詞的過去式,表示對現在或將來的愿望;后面的從句謂語
用過去完成式,表示對過去的愿望)
⑤ 另外,英語中有些表示要求、建議、提議、意愿等的形容詞、動詞和名詞,后面的主語從句、并與
從句、標語從句或同位語從句中要求用虛擬語氣,形式是動詞原形或should+動詞原形。
A、 屬于該類的形容詞常見的有:
advisable 可取的,適當的 essential 必要的,必不可少的;本質的,基本的
important 重要的 insistent 堅持的;緊迫的 necessary 必要的
preferable 更可取的,更好的
B、 常見的動詞有:
advise 勸告;(醫生的)意見 demand 要求 insist 堅持認為(should+動詞原形);堅持說(時態一致)(insisted 后面用一般過去式) propose 提議,建議;提名,推薦;求婚 order 命令 recommend 勸告 request 請求,要求 require 需要;要求 resolve 決定 suggest 建議(should+動詞原形);暗示(時態一致) urge 力勸;催促
⑵非限定性動詞:動詞的非限定形式有不定式、分詞和動名詞
① 謂語動詞與主語的中心詞語要一致
② 由連詞“or”, “either…”,“nor”,“neither…nor”,“not only…but also”等鏈接兩個名詞或代
詞時,謂語應與毗鄰的一個取得一致。
③ 名詞前有“every”,“each”,“either”,“neither”,“a great deal of”(注意與a number of不同),“many a”,“a series of”等詞或詞組修飾時,動詞用單數形式。
A、 many a person=many persons +is/are
B、 each person + is
C、 each of sister + is
D、 every of the sister + is
④ 定語從句得謂語應與先行詞一致。
⑤ 表示時間、重量、距離等得復數名詞表示總量時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。
例如:Two days is enough to finish writing this paper.
2、 詞匯
⑴要熟記常用詞組
take…as 把……作為 take after 與……相象 take apart 拆卸 take away 消除,消耗
take down 記下,寫下 take…for 把……認為是,把……看作是 take in 接受,吸收;了解,理解;欺騙 take off 拿走;脫下;起飛 take on 呈現,具有,裝出;接納,承擔,從事
take over 接管,接辦 take up 戰區,占據;開始從事;拿起,接收 take to 喜歡,親近
⑵要掌握詞匯得搭配
要熟記的短語見大綱參考的P10—P15
⑶歸納和區別近義詞或同范疇的詞
continuous 不停的,連續不斷的,強調中間不停頓。
consistent (人、行為、信念等)一貫的,一致的
① constant 不斷的,經常的,強調始終如一地經常出現。
persistent (通常貶義)頑固的;持久的
steady 牢固的;穩定的;發展平穩的
stubborn (無理由或剛愎、反復的)堅決的,固執的
② unyielding 堅決的;倔強的
inflexible 不可彎曲的;堅定不移的;不屈服的
surprise 使吃驚;使感到意外;奇襲;突襲;突然到來
③ astonish 使驚訝,使驚奇
amaze 吃驚;使驚奇
mock (含有輕視的意思)的嘲笑
④
tease (通過激怒或挑釁特別是用一種不次要的方式)使打擾,使生氣
scorn (非常強烈的,令人生氣的)不尊敬
⑤ contempt (認為某人或某物不值得重視而)輕視
despise (含有不喜歡的意思)輕視,蔑視
indignation 義憤,尤其指出于道義上的激憤。
anger 氣憤,生氣,是一般用語。
⑥
fury 暴怒,大怒,程度較anger要強。
rage (暴力,不能控制的)生氣
brim (杯、碗等容器的)邊緣
margin 頁邊的空白
⑦ border 邊緣,多指兩國或兩地之間分界處附近的邊緣地區/邊界地帶;也可以指物體的邊緣等。
rim 邊,邊緣,尤指圓形或近似圓形的物體的邊緣。
verge (道路、花壇等長著草的)邊緣,引申為“某事即將發生之際”。
surpass 優于或超過某人(某物)
⑧
exceed 多于,大于,超過,多指數量或允許的限度。
lawyer 律師
attorney 律師
⑨
judge 法官
witness 證人
二、閱讀理解B(七選五)
本屆主要考察考生對連貫性、一致性、邏輯聯系等語篇、語段整體性特征的理解,即要求考生在理解全文的基礎上搞清楚文章的整體和微觀結構。空白處的位置可能在主干部分的段首、段落中間或者段末,但不會使語篇的第一句,一般情況下也不會使最后一句。試題在一般情況下不可能有特別明顯的詞匯,句子等語言方面的提示,而是要求考生著眼于全文,在理解全文內容、語篇結構、邏輯關系(如時間、地點、因果關系、從屬關系等)的寄出上做出正確的選擇。
三、應用文寫作
這個項目不僅要求考生具有較扎實的語言基礎,還要掌握應用文和短文寫作的基本實用技能,熟悉段落結構
特征,同時還要具備分析、綜合信息的能力和較豐富的想象力。
↓ ↓
表格題 漫畫題
1、應用文寫作試題概述(是真正意義上的應用文,比如求職信)
⑴、應用文的基本類型
2005年新增的對應用文寫作的考查,可能性最大的依次是:書信、通知、啟事
⑵、應用文寫作的格式和寫作要點
本部分要求考生在規定時間內,按照題目所規定的內容要點,寫出100字左右的書信。(80—120都是正常范圍)。不要求考生寫信頭,信內地址以及寫信時間,只從稱呼開始,然后根據題目要求寫出正文、結尾客套,簽名統一用“李明”這個名字。
稱呼是書信的開頭部分,一定用dear打頭。主義頭銜的使用,通常對于那行,可用Mr.,學術界用Dr.和Prof.(介紹信、請求信),稱呼女性多用Mrs., Ms.或Miss. Ms.可稱未婚女性,也可稱已婚女性。Hon.(Honorable)、用于市長、議員、大使、法官等的姓名前。Press.(President)用于稱呼董事長、總經理、(求職信)會長、大學校長(請求信:環境、食堂)等。Rev.(Reverend)稱呼牧師。如果不知道對方的姓名,可稱呼Dear Sir或者Dear Madam, 也可用To Whom It May Concern。另外,英語書信的稱呼于漢語書信不同,稱呼后不用冒號,而用逗號。
應用文的最后一部分是簽名。要求統一用“Li Ming”落款。(g字母與yours的s字母對齊)注意:英文信件語中文信件不同,簽名下面不寫日期。日期要寫在信內地址的下面(Dear×××的上一行右側)。因考試中沒有要求寫日期,所以考生不必畫蛇添足。
① 書信常用開頭語
I am writing to ask If you can do (grant)me a favor.(請求信)
I hear that you are seeking a tutor.(求職/推薦信)
I am writing to you to ask about the meeting to be held next month.(確認信)
Your letter came to (reached) me this morning.(普通意義上的回信)
In reply to your letter about the college entrance examination this year, let me tell you that…(針對性回信)
I have received (was delighted to receive) your letter of the 10th inst(本月十號).(這個是收信時間)
I wish to apply for the job (post, position) you’re offering.(知道職位的求職信)
I am writing to inquire if there would be any position available for me to work as…(未知職位的求職信)
Your letter of 4th this month (dated…) was duly received.(這個是寫信的日期)
I am very much obliged to you for your warm congratulations.(慶賀信)
② 結尾的客套語:
Faithfully yours
Sincerely yours
★應用文的評分側重點在于信息點的覆蓋合內容的組織、語言的準確性、格式和語域的恰當。對語法結構合詞匯多樣性的要求講根據具體試題做調整。允許在作文中使用提示語中出現的關鍵詞,但使用提示語中出現過的詞組或句子將本扣分。
建議背誦文章:
應聘信(Accepting Request for an Interview)
例1
Directions: You have just received a letter from a company, which replied your application for a job and asked you to go to the interview on August 30. Please write a reply which is about 100 words and you do not need to write the address.
Dear Mr. Wang,
Thank you for your reply of August 20 about my application for a position. It came to hand this morning as a pleasant surprise. I am glad to tell you that I will attend the interview at the time you set for the morning of August 30. I will bring along full details of my testimonials as you suggested.
I would like to introduce myself to the company and hope to be a member of it. I would certainly spare no effort to acquit myself to your satisfaction.
Yours Sincerely,
×××
推薦信(Letters of Recommendation)
例2
Directions:You are asked to write a recommendation of your student for a position of marketing clerk about 100 words please express your reason clearly.You do not need to write the address.
Dear Mr. Manager,
I am writing this letter to recommendate my student Wang Gang who is seeking the position of marketing clerk of your company.
He says you are satisfied with his presentation at the interview and require recommendation to be attached to his exceptional academic performance in the college.
As his political instructor, I think Mr.Wang is well qualified for the position he seeks. He always ranks among the top five in his grade, has passed CET-6 and obtains a certificate of intermediate computer skills. Mr. Wang is a studious, selfless, and aspiring young man, and he is awarded the title of Three Good Activist by the college every year.
I believe he is a good candidate worthy of your consideration.
Your Sincerely,
×××
祝賀信(Letters of Congratulation)
例3
Directions: Please write a letter of about 100 words to congratulate your friend Li Ming, who did well in the passed college entrance exam and has been enrolled in Peking University.You do not need to write the address.
Dear Ming,
We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entrance examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University. Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion.
You have all along been working hard at your professional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects. Your success shows that only hard work can yield good results.
We take this opportunity to express our best wishes to you. Wish you greater achievements in your college education.
Yours Sincerely,
×××
求助信(Letters of Asking for Help)
例4
Directions: You want to study further for a Master’s degree and you are preparing for the entrance exam. Since you have difficulty in English, you should write a letter around 100 words to ask for help from your good friend Fang.You do not need to write the address.
Dear Fang,
I am sorry that I have to ask a favour of you, with the hope that you will be kind to help me.
I have been longing to apply for the entrance examination for MA candidates for a long time because I want to pursue advanced studies.Unfortunately I find myself far from the required standard, especially my very poor English. At this moment, the personal friendship leads me to approach you with the request, whether you can manage to give me some constructive guidance. I promise to be a diligent student. If you agree, I will come to your house once a week at a time most convenient to you.
Thank you very much for your kind help on many occasions in the past.
Your Sincerely, ×××
求職信(Letters of Applying for A Job)
求職信的內容一般包括以下部分:
1)寫信的緣由;
2)個人情況簡介,例如;年齡、性別、文化程度、工作經歷、工作技能、個人專長等;
3)推薦人或證明人姓名以供錄用方查詢;
4)約定面試時間。通常隨求職信附上個人簡歷和兩三封推薦信。
例5
Directions:You are ×××, an to—be graduate from JiLin University, majoring in English. Write a letter to a company applying for a position, Your letter should include
1) an introduction of yourself.
2) your qualification for the position.
3) asking for an interview.
You should write 100 words or so, you don’t need to write the address.
Dear Sirs,
I am a graduatee from Jilin University of Foreign Language Institute. As a student of English for Business, I hope to work in a foreign company after graduation.
In the past four academic years, I have proved myself to be a straight A student, awarded a succession of scholarships. My English is particularly good and German happens to be my second foreign language, which will live up to the requirements set by a wholly-owned foreign company like yours.
I apply for the position of assistant to your marketing project manager. You will find me a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn. I believe I can be of value to your company.
I should be very happy if you would arrange an interview with me.
Yours Sincerely,
×××
例6
Directions:You are a senior of computer science. You’d like to be an intern for an IT company. Write a letter to present your willings:You should clear:
1)your education background.
2)your purpose of being an intern.
You should write about 100 words and don’t need to write the address.
Dear sirs,
I am a senior of computer science in Beijing University of Technology. I would like to work as an intern in your company. As I have a wide interest in computer, I will do whatever job assigned to me, in software development or in technical support. One of my advantages is that I am able to work conscientiously under pressure. The more challenging my task is, the better it will be done.
My main purpose is just to put into practice what I have learned from the classroom in the past few years and to learn about my own ability in practical work. Remuneration is not yet taken into consideration.
I am enclosing a resume and looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours Sincerely,
×××
邀請信(Letters of Invitation)
例7
Directions:You are planning to ask your friend to join an outing. Express your idea clearly as follows:
1) details about what you are going to do
2) when and where you will go out.
You should write no less than 100 words and don’t need to write the address.
Dear Li Ying,
Haven’t seen you for a long time. How have you been? I am missing you all the time. As the weather is splendid now, Jack、 Lucy and I have made a plan to go out to the countryside by bike. Each of us may take food for the picnic, which we will have at the hillside. The countryside must be very lovely, with grass and trees growing flourishingly, flowers full bloom and bright sunshine. We can enjoy the scenery to our hearts’ content, at the same time and take some pictures as a memory . It is possible for us to meet at the bus stop 8 a. m. I am sure we will have a good time. Do come and join us.
Yours Sincerely,
×××
感謝信(Letters of Thankness)
例8
Directions:Your friend Jenny gave you a hand when you were in depression because of your mother’s death. Write a letter to express your thankness.
1) the reason for the letter
2) What you will do to overcome the sorrow.
The address is not necessary and it should be no less than 100 words.
Dear Jenny,
I do not need to tell you how greatly I appreciate all you have done for me these days and how grateful I am for the comfort and understanding you gave me when I needed them so desperately.
No one knows better than you how important my mother meant to me and what an aching void my life has become without her. But I am trying to take your advice and I hope that returning to my work next week will help heal the sorrow
I really do not know what I would have been without you. Thank you again for everything you have done for me!
Yours Sincerely, ×××
求學信(Letters of Applying for Study Chance)
例9
Directions: If you are a student of Tianjin University and you want to apply to the Graduate School for pursuit of the International Business Program of the New York University. Write the applying letter like following:
1) Declare all your situations in Tianjin University.
2) What do you want to apply for?
You should write about 100 words and don’t need to write address.
Dear Mr Smiths,
Thank you for your last letter.
As your require, I have written a personal statement to give a detailed description of my academic and work experience in Tianjin University. I also wrote my reasons for my applying to your Graduate School for pursuit of the International Business Program.
I have two letters of recommendation for me. One of them is from an English Professor, which proves that my English has reached an advanced level. The other is from an economics professor, which certificates that I am good in the field of economics and business management. Both of the letters will be mailed directly to you.
My GMAT score is 2160. I haven’t received my TOFEL score yet. But I will send it to you as soon as I know.
Best Wishes
Yours Sincerely,
×××
請求信(Letters of Request)
例10
Directions: You are about to write an application for you want to get a rise of your salary. Please express your reasons clearly in about 100 words.
September 10, 2002
Dear Manager,
I make bold to write this letter to you. One year ago I joined your firm as an apprentice, receiving $ 500 per month during the period of training. Now I became a full-time clerk afterwards for a few days, but my salary has remained the same. As the cost of living is rising, would you consider an increase of my salary? I will not wonder too much but the same as other clerks in our firm. I pledge myself to continue to serve the firm to the best of my ability .
Many thanks
Yours Faithfully,
×××
四、大作文試題概述
⑴純文字提示
A、 提綱式(91—96)
B、 規定情景式(四六級考過,但考研從沒考過)
⑵文字、圖、表提示
考試結果表明,這種命題方式更有利于測試考生綜合分析各類統計數據、信息和素材的能力,已經運
用英語進行闡述、歸納、表達的能力,避免考生套用事先備好的范文。
3、 短文寫作的學習方法
① 提高英語表達能力
② 掌握短文寫作的要領
1)、熟悉和掌握常用句型
A、 相似性
a、A and Bhave something in common(A 和B有共同之處)
B、 相異性
a、A differs(is different) from B in that…(A不同于B在于……)
例句:China’s condition differs from ours in that China has the largest population in the world.
b、Contrary to (on the contrary)…(正相反)
例句:Contrary to our estimation, the economic situation of the country is gradually getting better.
C、 權衡
a、 The advantages outweigh the disadvantages(利大于弊)
b、 A is superior to B(A優于B)
c、 … varies from person to person(……是因人而異的)
D、 過渡性句型(承上啟下,使新觀點不至顯得過于突兀、武斷)
a、 It is true that most jobs are a series of more or less unpleasant chores, but it doesn’t follow that that’s all they are.
b、 It is fairly well known that Vitamin C is indispensable to health. But it is probably less well know that taking it excessively may do harm to the human body.
c、 This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.
E、 表示倍數語比例關系的句型
近年來圖標作文經常出現,考生需要熟悉和掌握一些常用的句型來解釋圖標,分析和表達數據
間的倍數和比例關系:
a、 Asia ranks first both in area and in population among the seven continents. Europe is second to Asia in population, but in area it is the last but one.
b、 We all hope that a country’s population should be proportion to its area. Unfortunately, the reality often goes against our will.
c、 And in august as many as 39car accidents were recorded, indicating an increase of about 79 percent as compared with the number of January.
★ “time”常用來表達倍數,總結其搭配,大致有一下幾種
as large as
the size (volume, etc.) of
that of
倍數+times+
over that of
greater (形容詞比較級) than
as against
例如:
3 times as large as 是……3倍(比……大2倍)
3 times the size (volume, etc,) of 是……3倍大(比……大2倍)
17 times that of 是……的17倍
17 times over that of (for) 是……的17倍
17 times greater 比……大17倍
3 times as against 增加了2倍(為……3倍)
twice/thrice as much as 是……的2(3)倍
在表達倍數時,還可用“倍數+fold”。
F、 引用圖標內容時的過渡句型
a、 As is revealed in the graph/table,…
G、 描寫曲線走勢的常用句型
a、 The population rose rapidly till it reached 600,000 in 1900. Since then, though the growth continued, the momentum has slackened off.
b、 Before 1970 the birth rate remained level. Then in 1970 it fell till it reached 30 per thousand.
c、 The birth rate in this region rocketed to the highest peak in 1963.
d、 Although prices fluctuated between 1963 and 1972, overall, the trend was downward.
e、 The economy went up and down in a zigzag way.
H、 描述圖標常用的概括性句型
a、 The two graphs depict the same thing seen in two different ways. The first diagram simply records…. The second graph throws a new light on…
b、 If drivers continue to drive more carefully and further strengthen their sense safety.
2)熟悉和掌握英語文章和段落的基本結構
A、啟
Generally speaking,
In general,
It goes without saying that many teachers expect their pupils
On the whole, to do more work than they can.
At present/Lately/Now
Currently/Recently,
B、 承
What is more,
In addition,
Also, parents do not realize that driving their children
What’s more serious, to study harder than called for can injure their health.
At the same time,
Besides this
C、 轉
However,
Nevertheless,
On the other hand, many students have no choice but to burn the candle at both
Unfortunately, ends in order to get good grades and please their patents.
But it is a pity that
Still,
D、 合
Accordingly,
As a result,
Therefore, some students may very possibly fail in school because of
Thus, this pressure to study in excess of what is required.
To sum up,
Eventually
★ 考試寫作文時的幾個注意事項
☆ 字跡公正,不要連筆,用黑色水筆寫
☆ 遇到不會寫的單詞可以用自己學過的單詞拼湊出一個外形像單詞的詞
☆ 如果出現句子與句子需要顛倒位置,此時不要管
☆ 寫錯單詞的話,在單詞上用可以看得清但不要過分明顯得斜線
☆ 如果發現少些了單詞得話,把缺少的單詞加在兩次之間,如果加不進去就不要管了。
☆ 如果不出意外的話,文章寫成三段式。
考研英語作文的寫作技巧
一、考研作文的類型
考研英語作文可分為兩大類型:提綱作文和圖表作文,2002年考試大綱又新增了應用文。
1991年至1996年寫作題目構架均呈同一模式,即寫作題目的寫作指導(Directions)均包括三個基本要素:1)標題;2)提綱;3)起始句(Openingsentence)。三要素從不同方面為短文的寫作提供了依據———標題限定短文的基本發展方向,提綱規定短文的基本構架,起始句則提供短文的起點。寫作提綱均給出了三個基本項:1)Presentsituation/state(問題的提出);2)Reasons/…(對與問題相關因素的討論);3)Mycomments/suggestions(問題的解決)。
1997至2004年作文題目屬圖表作文。圖表作文的寫作指導不像提綱作文那樣為短文提供標題、提綱和起始句三要素。這種作文題目的寫作指導中僅對短文提出了二至三項要求。而這些要求則類似提綱,故這類作文往往可以按照所給要求自然分段。圖表作文還給有不同形式的圖表或圖畫,且圖表又多配有數據或說明。如果說提綱作文是把提綱各項目的信息擴展充實而謀篇成文的話,那么,圖表作文則是一種信息的轉換。也就是說,寫此類作文時,首先要以題目中的要求(requirements)為指導,審慎解讀圖表,準確把握圖表傳遞的信息,將其擴展成文。
從命題趨勢上看,提綱式作文將逐漸被圖表和圖畫作文取代,其目的無非是防止押題。命題者設計試題時會考慮作文的內容、文化背景以及考生的語言水平。校園生活、社會熱點、環境保護、科學技術、業余生活都是常規的出題范圍。
應用文包括書信、摘要、報告、備忘錄四種,由于版面所限,恕不能一一介紹。
二、考研英語作文的總體評分原則
考研作文的寫作要素體現在閱卷人員所依據的評分原則和評分標準———總體評分(GlobalScoring)之中。閱卷人員就是憑對文章的總體印象和總體表達效果給分的,而不是按語法、詞匯、拼寫、標點等錯誤的累計數目多少來扣分。這表明作文是就內容和語言兩方面給分。語言和內容是一個統一體,要求內容切題、表達清楚、意義連貫、句法多變、語言正確。
1)內容切題:不能走題、偏題。
2)表達清楚:要讓別人知道你想說什么,不要用你認為能看懂的漢語式英文句子,比如:He would help you in no word.(他幫你簡直沒話說。)It would not say he was not hard.(這并不是說他不刻苦。)這樣的英語句子只能讓閱卷人員捧腹大笑,然后給你“溫柔一刀”(降低作文檔次)。
3)意義連貫:中英文化差異造成思維方式和文字表述方式的不同,英文表述更注重事實,所以寫英語作文不要過多的進行心理、環境描寫,120個字的作文結構要縝密,理由和例子要簡潔有力,說明問題,不要東拉西扯。
4)句法多變:為避免文章平淡、呆板,可使用不同的句式:強調句、倒裝句、否定句等等,比如:Deep down do we know…
5)語言正確:不要犯低級的語法錯誤,比如:Iis…
三、考研英語作文的寫作方法
寫英語作文和寫漢語作文是一個不同的過程。根據非英語專業大學生的實際水平,要求他們用英語表達他們豐富的思想,是不可能的。所以寫作文成了一個難題。提高寫作的一個捷徑是模仿。一個寫字寫得好的人,都是通過讀帖的過程,然后模仿。如果一開始就自創一派,肯定是一筆爛字。寫作文一樣,一定要模仿。所以,考生提高英語作文能力的第一步就是掌握一些通行的英語作文模式,再舉一反三。比如,分析原因是目前考研作文的最常見寫作部分,請看下面分析原因段落的通行寫作模式:
There are some possible reasons for the present situation.(主題句)First,______________.(第一點原因)Second,____________.(第二點原因)Finally,_____________.(第三點原因)Asaresult,____.(主題句的重申或深化)
像此種模式,幾乎適用于一切分析原因的段落,不論是提綱作文還是圖表圖畫作文,均可使用。這種寫作模式給人一種條理清晰、邏輯縝密的感覺。
2004年研究生入學考試已經臨近,此時,英語其他部分再提高考分是很難的,但作文部分還有相當的潛力。要提高作文的考分一方面要靠學、靠背,另外一個重要方面是靠練。在考前這段時間,每個星期練習一至兩篇作文,逼著自己寫,每次調好鬧鐘,開始的時候40分鐘寫一篇作文。寫一段時間后,手就熟了,逐漸過渡到25分至30分鐘之間完成一篇文章。這樣到考試的時候,才能游刃有余。由于時間寶貴,選擇練習題目要十分謹慎,首先要把過去近5年的考試作文試題練一遍,然后可以選擇一些比較新的題目寫。
新增專業詞匯歸納
一、生物類:44
醫療:16
artery n. 動脈, 要道
vein n.血管, 靜脈, 葉脈,紋理, 心緒v.使成脈絡, 象脈絡般分布于
abdomen n. 腹, 腹部
belly n. 腹部, 胃 vi. 漲滿
bowel n. 腸 adj. 內部, 同情心
gut n.[復]內臟, 腸子, 勇氣, 劇情,海峽 vt.取出內臟, 摧毀(房屋等的)內部裝置
hip n.臀, 憂郁 adj.熟悉內情的 vt.使憂郁, 給(屋頂)造屋脊 int.喝彩聲
thigh n.大腿, 股
pharmacy n.藥房, 藥劑學, 配藥業, 制藥業, 一批備用藥品
physiology n.生理學
sneeze n.噴嚏 v.打噴嚏
pregnant adj.懷孕的, 重要的, 富有意義的, 孕育的
susceptible adj.過敏的;易受影響的, 易感動的, 容許...的 n.(因缺乏免疫力而)易得病的人
herb n.藥草, 香草
benign adj. (病)良性的, (氣候)良好的,仁慈的,和藹的
tumour / tumor n.[醫]瘤, 腫瘤, 腫塊
飲食:11
addict vt. 使沉溺, 使上癮 n.入迷的人,有癮的人
barbecue n. 吃烤燒肉的野餐
beverage n. 飲料
calcium n. [化]鈣(元素符號Ca)
calorie n. 卡路里
carbohydrate n. [化]碳水化合物, 醣類
cocaine n. 古柯堿,可卡因
spicy adj.加香料的, 出產香料的, 辛辣的;下流的
staple n.主食;釘書釘, 主要產品(或商品), 主要成分, 來源 adj.主要的, 常用的, 大宗生產的 v.把...分類, 把...分級例
steak n.(供煎, 烤等的)肉, 魚
toxic adj.有毒的, 中毒的
生態:17
barren adj. 不生育的,貧瘠的,空洞的 n. 荒地
browse v./n. 瀏覽, 吃草, 放牧
gender n.[生理或語法] 性
genetic adj.遺傳的, 起源的
habitat n.(動植物的), 產地、棲息地, 聚集處
harassment n.騷擾,侵襲;煩惱
harsh adj.粗糙的, 荒蕪的, 苛刻的, 刺耳的, 刺目的
howl v.嚎叫, 怒吼,喝住 n.嚎叫, 怒號
hound n.獵犬vt.帶獵犬狩獵,卑鄙的人,追捕,激勵,糾纏
mammal n.哺乳動物
optimum adj.最好的,最佳的;最有利的
pilgrim n.最初的移民(清教徒);圣地朝拜者, 朝圣
slaughter n/v.屠宰, 殘殺, 屠殺
soar v.高飛, 滑翔, 劇增, n.高飛范圍, 高漲程度
spine n.脊骨, 書脊, 地面隆起地帶, 中心, 剌
stalk n.莖, 柄, 梗, 稈 v.(打獵時)潛隨;昂首闊步
tropic n.回歸線, 熱帶 adj.熱帶的
二、人文類:42
宗教與歷史:15
cardinal n.樞機主教,紅衣主教 adj.主要的,最重要的
Christ n. [基督教]救世主(特指耶穌基督)
Clergy n. (集合稱)圣職者, 牧師, 僧侶, 神職人員
chancellor n. 長官, 大臣
dean n. (大學)院長, 主持牧師, (基督教)教長
formidable adj.強大的, 令人敬畏的, 可怕的, 艱難的
hierarchy n.層次,層級,等級
ideology n.意識形態
majesty n.最高權威, 王權, 雄偉
peer n.同等的人, 貴族 vi.凝視, 窺視 vt.與...同等, 封為貴族
prophet n.先知, 預言者, 提倡者
ritual n.典禮, (宗教)儀式, 禮節 adj.典禮的, (宗教)儀式的
salvation n.拯救, 救助
sovereign n.君主, 統治 adj.至高無上的, 君主的, 獨立自主的, 完全的
superstition n.迷信
電視劇:8
caress n. 愛撫, 接吻 vt. 撫愛
juvenile adj.青少年的, 幼稚的 n.青少年, 少年讀物
comic n. 滑稽演員 adj. 滑稽的, 喜劇的
script n.手稿, 劇本, 原本
scrutiny n.詳細審查
serial adj.連續的 n.連載小說,系列劇
trash n.無價值之物, 垃圾 v.搗亂,破壞
staple n.主食;釘書釘, 主要產品(或商品), 主要成分, 來源 adj.主要的, 常用的, 大宗生產的 v.把...分類, 把...分級例
藝術與時尚:11
antique n. 古物, 古董 adj. 古時的, 過時的
album n. 集郵本, 照相簿, 簽名紀念冊;集錦密紋唱片
renaissance n.復興, 復活, 文藝復興, 文藝復興時期
sculpture n.雕刻,雕塑, [地理]刻蝕 v.雕刻,雕塑,刻蝕
ballet n. 芭蕾舞, 芭蕾舞劇, 芭蕾舞樂曲
balcony n. 陽臺, 包廂, (戲院)樓廳
auditorium n. 聽眾席, 觀眾席, <美>會堂, 禮堂
audio adj. 音頻的, 聲頻的, 聲音的
guitar n.吉他, 六弦琴 vi.彈吉他
hip hop 這個大家應該都知道:)
repertoire n.(準備好演出的)節目, 保留劇目, (計算機的)指令表,
社交:8
amiable adj. 和藹的;親切的
anguish n. 痛苦, 苦惱 vt. 使極苦悶, 使極痛苦 vi. 感到痛苦
arrogant adj. 傲慢的, 自大的
sociable adj.好交際的, 友善的, 喜歡群居的
temperament n.氣質, 性情, 易激動, 急躁
solidarity n.團結;一致
solitary adj.孤獨的,喜歡獨處的
solo n.獨奏曲 adj.單獨的
三、法政類:14
恐怖:6
assassinate vt. 暗殺, 行刺
blackmail n. 勒索, 勒索所得之款 vt. 勒索
bully n. 欺凌弱小者 vt. 威嚇, 威逼
escort n. 護衛(隊), 護送, 陪同(人員)v. 護衛, 護送, 陪同
riot n.暴亂, 騷動, (植物, 疾病等)蔓延, 放蕩 v.騷亂, 放縱, 揮霍
slaughter n/v.屠宰, 殘殺, 屠殺
刑事犯罪與審判:8
bruise n. 瘀傷, 擦傷 v. 打傷, 撞傷
burglar n. 夜賊
legislation n.立法, 法律的制定(或通過)
legitimate adj.合法的, 合理的, 正統的 v.合法
plea n.懇求;辯解;托詞,答辯;抗辯
rape n.掠奪, 強奸, 葡萄渣, 油菜 v.掠奪, 強奸
sneak v.偷偷摸摸地做adj.暗中進行的n.鬼祟的人, 偷偷摸摸的行為
statute n.法令, 條例
四、經濟類 11
破產:5
accountant n. 會計(員), 會計師
asset n. 資產, 有用的東西
auction n. 拍賣 vt. 拍賣
audit n.審計, 稽核, 查帳 vt. 稽核, 旁聽 vi.查賬
redundant adj.多余的
建筑與交通:6
air-conditioning n. 空調
airport n. <主美>小型民用機場, 私人飛機降落場
artery n. 動脈, 要道
blueprint n.藍圖, 設計圖, 計劃 vt.制成藍圖, 計劃
cab n. 出租馬車, 出租汽車, 計程車,駕駛室 vi. 乘出租馬車
housing n.供給住宅, 住宅群, 機架, 住房供給
考研必備專業詞匯歸納
Legal terminology 法律術語
Law 法律
draft 法案,草案
Government bill 政府議案
to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通過議案
to enact a law, to promulgate a law 頒布法律
ratification, confirmation 批準
law enforcement 法律的實施
to come into force 生效
decree 法令
clause 條款
minutes 備忘錄
report 判例匯編
codification 法律匯編
legislation 立法
legislator 立法者
jurist 法學家
jurisprudence 法學
legitimation 合法化
legality, lawfulness 法制,合法
legal, lawful 合法的,依法的
to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 違法
outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范圍的
offender 罪犯
to abolish 廢止,取消
rescission, annulment 廢除,取消
repeal, revocation, annulment 廢除(法律)
cancellation, annulment, invalidation 廢除(合同)
annulment 撤消(遺囑)
repeal rescission 撤消(判決)
revocation 撤消
immunity 豁免,豁免權
disability, legal incapacity 無資格
prescription 剝奪公權
constitutional law 憲法
canon law 教會法規
common law 習慣法
criminal law 刑法
administrative law 行政法
civil law 民法
commercial law, mercantile law 商法
law of nations 萬國公法,國際法
international law 國際法
natural law 自然法
labour laws 勞工法
fiscal law 財政法
Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事訴訟法
Criminal Law 刑事訴訟法
Copyright Law 著作權法
penal code 刑法典
code of mercantile law 商法典
civil rights 民事權利,公民權利
human rights, rights of man 人權
(customs) duties 關稅
death duty, death tax 遺產稅
attorney general 首席檢查官,檢查長
jury 陪審團
juror 陪審員
lawyer, solicitor 律師,法律顧問
assistant lawyer 見習律師
counsel for the defence 辯護律師,被告律師
attorney 代訴人,代理人
Courts 法院
court of first instance 一審法院(庭)
criminal court 刑事法院(庭)
civil court 民事法院(庭)
regional court, Court of Appeal 地區法院
Court of Cassation 上訴法院
High Court 高級法院 (美作:Supreme Court)
International Court of Justice (聯合國)國際法院
conciliation board in industrial disputes 勞工糾紛調解委員會
arbitration tribunal, court of arbitration 仲裁法庭
juvenile court 少年法庭
court-martial 軍事法庭
Law Courts 法院,法庭
Punishment 刑罰
penalty 處罰
prison, gaol 監獄 (美作:jail)
imprisonment 監禁
death sentence, death penalty 死刑
life imprisonment 無期徒刑
hard labour 強迫勞役 (美作:hard labor)
fine 罰款
embargo 扣押
local banishment 驅逐出境
attainder 剝奪公民權和沒收財產
compensation 賠償
extradition 引渡
bill of sale 抵押證券
lease 租約
copyright 版權
patent rights 專利權
alienation, transfer, assignment 轉讓
personal property 個人財產
movables 動產
real estate 不動產
mental derangement, alienation, insanity 精神錯亂
fingerprint 指紋
corpse 尸體
naturalization 入籍,歸化
will 遺囑
heir, legatee 繼承人
inheritance 遺產
marriage by proxy 委托代表結婚
to sue for divorce 申請離婚
Medicine 醫學
doctor, physician 醫生,醫師,內科醫師
family doctor 家庭醫生
neurologist 神經專家
psychiatrist 精神病學專家
dentist 牙醫師
surgeon 外科醫師
nurse 護士
hospital 醫院
clinic 診所
to get vaccinated 接種
sick person, patient 病員,患者
to be sick, to be ill 患病
sickly 多病
ailment, complaint 疾病
pain 疼,痛
indisposition, slight illness 不適
unwell, indisposed 不適的
affection, disease 疾病
wound 創傷,傷口
injury 損傷
spot 點,斑
sprain, twist 扭傷
fracture 骨折
symptom 癥狀
diagnosis 診斷
case 病例
epidemic 流行病
contagion 傳染
fever 發熱
attack, access, fit 發作
coughing fit 咳嗽發作
to take to one's bed 臥床
to sneeze 打噴嚏
faint, fainting fit 暈厥
to feel sick 惡心
to lose consciousness 失去知覺
coma 昏迷
diet 飲食
treatment 療法
to get better, to improve 好轉
cure 治愈
relapse 復發
Disease 疾病
anemia, anaemia 貧血
cancer 癌
cold 感冒,傷風,著涼
(head) cold 患感冒
gout 痛風
headache 頭痛
influenza, flu 流感
insanity 精神病
Operation 手術
Surgery 外科
anesthesia, anaesthesia 麻醉
blood transfusion 輸血
Insurance 保險
fully comprehensive insurance 全險
third-party insurance 第三者傷亡保險
life insurance 人身險
accident insurance 事故險
insurance against theft 防盜竊險
no-claims bonus 因未申報而扣除的保險賠
Magnetics 磁學
magnetism 磁學,磁性
magnetic field 磁場
flux 磁通量
magnetic induction 磁感應
magnet 磁體,磁鐵
electromagnet 電磁體
electromagnetic 電磁的
pole 磁極
coil 線圈
Aviation 航空
civil aviation 民用航空
plane, aircraft, airplane 飛機
airliner 班機
jet, supersonic plane 噴氣機
airliner, passenger aircraft 客機
medium-haul aircraft 中程飛機
long-range aircraft, long-haul aircraft 遠程飛機
propeller-driven aircraft 螺旋槳飛機
jet (aircraft) 噴氣飛機
turbofan jet 渦輪風扇飛機
turboprop 渦輪螺旋槳飛機
turbojet 渦輪噴氣飛機
by air, by plane 乘飛機
airline 航空線
passenger cabin 客艙
tourist class 普通艙, 經濟艙
first class 一等艙
waiting list 登機票名單
customs formalities 報關單
boarding check 登機牌
airport 航空港
air terminal 航空集散站
tarmac 停機坪
air hostess, stewardess 空中小姐, 女乘務
steward 乘務員
aircraft crew, air crew 機組, 機務人員
pilot 駕駛員, 機長
takeoff 起飛
landing 著陸
to board a plane, get into a plane 上飛機
to get off a plane, alight from a plane 下飛機
non-stop flight to 飛往, 直飛
in transit 運送中的
air pocket 氣潭, 氣阱
Universe 宇宙
world 世界
orb 星球,天體
cosmos 宇宙
cosmography 宇宙結構學
cosmogony 宇宙起源學
cosmology 宇宙論
earth 地球
sphere 天體,球面
globe 球
space 空間
sky 天
vault of heaven, celestial vault 天穹
heavenly body 天體
planet 行星
planetary 行星的
interplanetary 生星際的
star 星
morning star 晨星
evening star 昏星
shooting star 流星
polestar 北極星
comet 彗星
tail 彗尾
asteroid 小行星
aerolite 隕石
satellite 衛星
constellation 星座
nebula 星云
galaxy 銀河
ring of Saturn 土星環
Milky Way 銀河
orbit 軌道
apsis 拱點
equator 赤道
zenith 天頂
epicycle 本輪